Machine learning has become a popular term as this advanced technology is full of immense potential. Before explaining the intuition behind machine learning let’s understand the meaning of the term first which is becoming so popular in this era of scientific innovation and is a trend that everybody wants to follow.
What is Machine Learning?
Machine learning if explained in a very layman language is a program running behind an application which has an ability to learn from what is sees and the errors that it makes and then tries to improve itself through trial and error. A programming language like Python and a method of calculation (statistics) is what helps propel this application in the right direction.
Now that you know what machine learning is, let’s discuss about what is the intuition behind building a machine learning algorithm or a program.
In my previous blog I have discussed about a statistical concept called Linear Regression which follows given a X independent variable, prediction of a Y dependent variable is possible if we understand the rate at which X and Y are changing and the direction towards which they are moving i.e. we understand the hidden pattern they are following, we will be able to predict the value of Y when X= 15.
In the process of all that, we need to reduce the error between the predicted Y and the observed Y which we had to train our model but this is not possible with only calculating the slope i.e. b1 a single time and this is where machine learning comes in handy.
The idea behind machine learning is to learn from the past mistakes and try to find the best possible coefficients i.e. b0 and b1 so that we are able to reduce the distance between predicted and observed y which leads to the minimization of error in predictions which we are making. This intuition remains the same throughout all the machine learning algorithms only the problem in question and the methodology to solve the problem changes.
Now let’s quickly look at the branches of Machine Learning.
Branches of Machine Learning
Supervised (Parametric) Machine Learning Algorithm:- Under this branch both the independent variable X and the dependent variable Y is given in the form of Y = f(X) and this branch can further be divided based on the kind of problem we are dealing with i.e. whether the variable Y is continuous or a category.
Unsupervised (Non-parametric) Machine Learning Algorithm:- Under this branch you do not have the Y variable i.e. Y ≠ f(X) and you can only solve classification problems.
Semi-Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms:- This is the most difficult to solve as under this kind of problem the data which is available for the analysis has missing values of Y which makes it quite difficult to train the algorithm as the possibility of false prediction is very high.
So, with that this discussion here on machine learning wraps up, hopefully, it helped you understand the intuition behind machine learning, also check out the video tutorial attached down the blog to learn more. The field of machine learning is full of opportunities, DexLab Analytics offers machine learning course in delhi ncr, keep on following the blog to enhance your knowledge as we continue to update it with interesting and informative posts for you.
If you are aware of the growth opportunities awaiting you in the Machine Learning domain, you must be in a rush to master the Machine Learning skills. Now, there are courses available that aim to sharpen the students with skills they would need to work in a challenging environment. However, some often prefer the self-study mode for developing knowledge in this highly specialized domain. No matter which way you prefer to learn, ultimately your passion and dedication would matter the most, because in both ways you need to put in the hard work and really toil hard to make any progress.
Is self-study a feasible option?
If you have already been through some course and want to go to the advanced level through self-study that’s a different issue, but, for those who are just starting out without any background in science, does it even make any sense to opt for self-study?
Given the way Machine Learning technology is moving fast and creating a demand for professionals with highly specialized industry knowledge, do you think self-study would be enough? Do you think a self-study plan to learn something you have no idea about would work? How much time would you need to devote? What should be your learning route? And how do you know this is the right path to follow?
Before we dive deeper into the discussion, we need to go through some prerequisites for Machine Learning study plan.
Machine learning is a broad field and assuming you are a beginner with no prior knowledge in this domain, you have to be familiar with mathematics, statistics, programming languages, meaning undergoing a Python certification training</strong>, must be proficient in data handling including analysis and modeling, you have to work on algorithms. So, can you pick up all of these skills one by one via self-study? Add to the list the latest Machine Learning tools and applications you need to grasp.
There will be help available in the form of:
There would be vast resources, in forms of e-books, lectures, video tutorials, most of these are free and easily accessible.
There are forums, groups out there which you can join and access help
You can take part in online competitions
Think it through. How long will it take for you to get from one stage to the next?
Even though there being no dearth of resources available you would be struggling with your progress and most importantly you would struggle to keep up with the pace the technology is moving ahead. Picking up a programming language, grasping and mastering concepts of linear algebra, probability, data is going to be a mammoth task.
What difference a certification course can make?
To begin with these courses are designed for people coming from different backgrounds, so, you having or, not having any prior knowledge in mathematics, statistics wouldn’t matter as you would be taught everything from scratch be it math or, Machine Learning Using Python.
The programs are designed for both working professionals as well as for beginners, all you need to do is choose the one that suits your specific level.
These courses are designed to transform you into an industry-ready professional and you would be under the guidance of professionals who are more than familiar with the nuances of the way the industry functions.
The modules would follow a strict schedule and your training path would be well planned out covering all the areas you need to master.
You would learn via hands-on training and get to handle projects. Nothing makes you skilled like hands-on training.
Your journey towards a smarter future needs to be through a well mapped-out path, so, be smart about it. DexLab Analytics offers industry-ready courses on Data Science, Machine Learning course in Gurgaon and AI with Python. Take advantage of the courses that are taught by instructors who have both expertise and experience. Time is indeed money, so, stop wasting time and get down to learning.
This is the second part of the probability series, in the first segment we discussed the basic concepts of probability. In this second part we will delve deeper into the topic and discuss the theorems of probability. Let’s find out what these theorems are.
Addition Theorem
If A and B are two events and they are not necessarily mutually exclusive then the probability of occurrence of at least one of the two events A and B i.e. P(AUB) is given by
Removing the intersections will give the probability of A or B or both.
Example:- From a deck of cards 1 card is drawn, what is the probability the card is king or heart or both?
Total cards 52
P(KingUHeart)= P(King)+P(Heart) ─ P(King∩Heart)
If A and B are two mutually exclusive events then the probability that either A or B will occur is the sum of individual probabilities of the events A and B.
P(A)+P(B), here the combined probability of the two will either give P(A) or P(B)
If A and B are two non mutually exclusive events then the probability of occurrence of event A is given by
Where B’ is 1-P(B), that means probability of A is calculated as P(A)=1-P(B)
Multiplication Law
The law of multiplication is used to find the joint probability or the intersection i.e. the probability of two events occurring together at the same point of time.
In the above graph we see that when the bill is paid at the same time tip is also paid and the interaction of the two can be seen in the graph.
Joint probability table
A joint probability table displays the intersection (joint) probabilities along with the marginal probabilities of a given problem where the marginal probability is computed by dividing some subtotal by the whole.
Example:- Given the following joint probability table find out the probability that the employee is female or a professional worker.
Watch this video down below that further explains the theorems.
At the end of this blog, you must have grasped the basics of the theorems discussed here. Keep on tracking the Dexlab Analytics blog where you will find more discussions on topics related to Data Science training.
Today we will begin discussion about a significant concept, probability, which measures the likelihood of the occurrence of an event. This is the first part of the series, where you would be introduced to the core concept. So, let’s begin.
What is probability?
It is a measure of quantifying the likelihood that an event will occur and it is written as P(x).
Key concepts of probability
A union comprises of only unique values.
Intersection comprises of common values of the two sets
Mutually Exclusive Events:- If the occurrence of one event preludes the occurrence of the other event(s), then it is called mutually exclusive event.
P(A∩B) = 0
Independent Events:- If the occurrence or non-occurrence of an event does not have any effect on the occurrence or non-occurrence of other event(s), then it is called an independent event. For example drinking tea is independent of going for shopping.
Collectively Exhaustive Events:– A set of collectively exhaustive events comprises of all possible elementary events for an experiment. Therefore, all sample spaces are collectively exhaustive sets.
Complementary Events:– A complement of event A will be A` i.e. P(A`) = 1 ─ P(A)
Properties of probability
Probabilities are non-negative values ranging between 0 & 1.
Ω = 1 i.e. combined probability of sample is 1
If A & B are two mutually exclusive events then P(A U B)= P(A) +P(B)
Probability of not happening of an event is P(A)= 1 ─ P(A)
Rules of Counting the possibilities
The mn counting rule:- When a customer has a set of combinations to choose from like two different engines, five different paint colors and three different interior packages , how will he calculate the total number of options available to him? The answer to the question is “ mn counting rule”. Simply multiply the given options, like in our case 2 * 5 * 3 will give us 30.This means the customer has 30 combinations to choose from when it comes to purchasing a car.
Sampling from a population with replacement:- Suppose that you roll a dice three times i.e. the number of trials is 3, now if we want to check how many combinations are possible in this particular experiment we use Nn = 63 = 216
Sampling from a population without replacement:- When the sample space shrinks after each trial then you use the following formula :-
Conclusion
There is a video covering the same concept attached down the blog, go through it to be more clear about this.
Internet of Things or IOT devices are a rage now, as these devices staying connected to the internet can procure data and exchange the same using the sensors embedded in those. Now the data which is being generated in copious amount needs to be processed and in comes IoT Analytics. This platform basically is concerned with analyzing the large amount of data generated by the devices. The interconnectivity of devices is helping different sectors be in sync with the world, and the timely extraction of data is of utmost significance now as it delivers actionable insights. This is a highly skilled job responsibility that could only be handled by professionals having done artificial intelligence course in delhi.
This particular domain is in the nascent stage and it is still growing, however, it is needless to point out that IoT analytics holds the clue to business success, as it enables the organizations to not only extract information from heterogeneous data but also helps in data integration. With the IoT devices generating almost 5 quintillion bytes of data, it is high time the organizations start investing in developing IoT analytics platform and building a data expert team comprising individuals having a background in Machine Learning Using Python. Now let’s have a look at the ways IoT analytics can boost business growth.
Optimized automated work environment
IoT analytics can optimize the automated work environment, especially the manufacturing companies can keep track of procedures without involving human employees and thereby lessening the chances of error and enhancing the accuracy of predicting machine failure, with the sensors monitoring the equipments and tracing every single issue in real-time and sending alerts to make way for predictive maintenance. The production flow goes on smoothly as a result without developing any glitch.
Increasing productivity
In an organization gauging the activity of the employees assumes huge significance as it directly impacts the productivity of the company, with sensors being strategically placed to monitor employee activity, performance, moods and other data points, this job gets easier. The data later gets analyzed to give the management valuable clues that enable them to make necessary modifications in policies.
Bettering customer experience
Regardless of the nature of your business, you would want to make sure that your customers derive utmost satisfaction. With IoT data analytics in place you are able to trace their preferences thanks to the data streaming from devices where they have already left a digital footprint of their shopping as well as searching patterns. This in turn enables you to offer tailor-made service or products. Monitoring of customer behavior could lead to devising marketing strategies that are information based.
Staying ahead by predicting trends
One of the crucial aspects of IoT analytics is its ability to predict future trends. As the smart sensors keep tracking data regarding customer behavior, product performance, it becomes easier for businesses to analyze future demands and also the way trends will change to make way for emerging ones and it enables the businesses to be ready. Having access to a future estimate prepares not just businesses but industries be future ready.
Smarter resource management
Efficient utilization of resources is crucial to any business, and IoT analytics can help in a big way by making predictions on the basis of real-time data. It allows companies to measure their current resource allocation plan and make adjustments to make optimal usage of the available resources and channelizing that in the right direction. It also aids in disaster planning.
Ever since we went digital the streaming of large quantity of data has become a reality and this is going to continue in the coming decades. Since, most of the data generated this way is unstructured there needs to be cutting edge platforms like IoT analytics available to manage the data and processing it to enable industries make informed decisions. Accessing Data Science training, would help individuals planning on making a career in this field.
While dealing with data distribution, Skewness and Kurtosis are the two vital concepts that you need to be aware of. Today, we will be discussing both the concepts to help your gain new perspective.
Skewness gives an idea about the shape of the distribution of your data. It helps you identify the side towards which your data is inclined. In such a case, the plot of the distribution is stretched to one side than to the other. This means in case of skewness we can say that the mean, median and mode of your dataset are not equal and does not follow the assumptions of a normally distributed curve.
Positive skewness:- When the curve is stretched towards the right side more it is called a positively skewed curve. In this case mean is greater than median and median is the greater mode
(Mean>Median>Mode)
Let’s see how we can plot a positively skewed graph using python programming language.
First we will have to import all the necessary libraries.
Then let’s create a data using the following code:-
In the above code we first created an empty list and then created a loop where we are generating a data of 100 observations. The initial value is raised by 0.1 and then each observation is raised by the loop count.
To get a visual representation of the above data we will be using the Seaborn library and to add more attributes to our graph we will use the Matplotlib methods.
In the above graph you can see that the data is stretched towards right, hence the data is positively skewed.
Now let’s cross validate the notion that whether Mean>Median>Mode or not.
Since each observation in the dataset is unique mode cannot be calculated.
Calculation of skewness:
Formula:-
In case we have the value of mode then skewness can be measured by Mode ─ Mean
In case mode is ill-defined then skewness can be measured by 3(Mean ─ Median)
To obtain relative measures of skewness, as in dispersion we use the following formula:-
When mode is defined:- When mode is ill-defined:-
To calculate positive skewness using Python programming language we use the following code:-
Negative skewness:- When the curve is stretched towards left side more it is called a negatively skewed curve. In this case mean is less than median and median is mode.
(Mean<Median<Mode)
Now let’s see how we can plot a negatively skewed graph using python programming language.
Since we have already imported all the necessary libraries we can head towards generating the data.|
In the above code instead of raising the value of observation we are reducing it.
To visualize the data we have created again we will use the Seaborn and Matplotlib library.
The above graph is stretched towards left, hence it is negatively skewed.
To check whether Mean<Median<Mode or not again we will be using the following code:-
The above result shows that the value of mean is less than mode and since each observation is unique mode cannot be calculated.
Now let’s calculate skewness in Python.
Kurtosis
Kurtosis is nothing but the flatness or the peakness of a distribution curve.
Platykurtic :- This kind of distribution has the smallest or the flattest peak.
Misokurtic:- This kind of distribution has a medium peak.
Leptokurtic:- This kind of distribution has the highest peak.
The video attached below will help you clear any query you might have.
So, this was the discussion on the Skewness and Kurtosis, at the end of this you have definitely become familiar with both concepts. Dexlab Analytics blog has informative posts on diverse topics such as neural network machine learning python which you need to explore to update yourself. Dexlab Analytics offers cutting edge courses like machine learning certification courses in gurgaon.
In a world that is riveting towards exploring the hidden potential of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, staying aware can not only keep you in sync but can also ensure your growth. Among all the tech terms doing the rounds now, machine learning is probably the one that you have heard frequently or, it might also be the term that intrigues you the most. You might even have a friend who is pursuing a Machine Learning course in Gurgaon. So, amidst all of this hoopla why don’t you upgrade your knowledge regarding machine learning? It’s not rocket science but, it’s science and it’s really cool!
Machine learning is a subset of AI that revolves round the concept of enabling a system to learn from the data automatically while finding patterns and improve the ability to predict without being explicitly programmed beforehand. One of the examples would be when you shop online from a particular site, you would notice product recommendations are lining up the page that particularly align with your preferences. The data footprint you leave behind is being picked up and analyzed to find a pattern and machine learning algorithms work to make predictions based on that, it is a continuous process of learning that simulate human learning process.
The same experience you would go through while watching YouTube, as it would present more videos based on your recent viewing pattern. Being such a powerful technology machine learning is gradually being implemented across different sectors and thereby pushing the demand for skilled personnel. Pursuing machine learning certification courses in gurgaon from a reputed institute, will enable an individual to pick up the nuances of machine learning to land the perfect career.
What are the different types of machine learning?
When we say machines learn, it might sound like a simple concept, but, the more you delve deeper into the topic to dissect the way it works you would know that there are more to it than meets the eyes. Machine learning could be divided into categories based on the learning aspect, here we will be focusing on 3 major categories which are namely:
Supervised Learning
Unsupervised Learning
Reinforcement Learning
Supervised Learning
Supervised learning as the name suggests involves providing the machine learning algorithm with training dataset, an example of sort to enable the system to learn to work its ways through to form the connection between input and output, the problem and the solution. The data provided for the training purposes needs to be correctly labeled so, that the algorithm is able to identify the relationship and could learn to predict output based on the input and upon finding errors could make necessary modifications. Post training when given a new dataset it should be able to analyze the input to predict a likely output for the new dataset. This basic form of machine learning is used for facial recognition, for classifying spams.
Unsupervised Learning
Again the term is suggestive like the prior category we discussed above, this is also the exact opposite of supervised learning as here there is no training data available to rely on. The input is available minus the output hence the algorithm does not have a reference to learn from. Basically the algorithm has to work its way through a big mass of unclassified data and start finding patterns on its own, due to the nature of its learning which involves parsing through unclassified data the process gets complicated yet holds potential. It basically involves clustering and association to work its way through data.
Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning could be said to have similarity with the way humans learn through trial and error method. It does not have any guidance whatsoever and involves a reward, in a given situation the algorithm needs to work its way through to find the right solution to get to the reward, and it gets there by overcoming obstacles and learning from the errors along the way. The algorithm needs to analyze and find the best solution to maximize its rewards and minimize penalties as the process involves both. Video games could be an example of reinforcement learning.
Although only 3 core categories have been mentioned here, there remains other categories which deserve as much attention, such as deep learning. Deep learning too is a comparatively new field that deserves a complete discussion solely devoted to understanding this dynamic technology, focusing on its various aspects including how to be adept at deep learning for computer vision with python.
Machine learning is a highly potent technology that has the power to predict the future course of action, industries are waking up to smell the benefits that could be derived from implementation of ML. So, let’s quickly find out what some of the applications are:
Malware and spam filtering
You do not have to be tech savvy to understand what email spams are or, what malware is. Application of machine learning is refining the way emails are filtered with spams being detected and sent to a separate section, the same goes for malware detection as ML powered systems are quick to detect new malware from previous patterns.
Virtual personal assistants
As Alexa and Siri have become a part of life, we are now used to having access to our very own virtual personal assistants. However, when we ask a question or, give a command, ML starts working its magic as it gathers the data and processes it to offer a more personalized service by predicting the pattern of commands and queries.
Refined search results
When you put in a search query in Google or, any of the search engines the algorithms follow and learn from the pattern of the way you conduct a search and respond to the search results being displayed. Based on the patterns it refines the search results that impact page ranking.
Social media feeds
Whether it is Facebook or, Pinterest , the presence of machine learning could be felt across all platforms. Your friends, your interactions, your actions all of these are monitored and analyzed by machine learning algorithms to detect a pattern and prepare friend suggestions list. Automatic Friend Tagging Suggestions is another example of ML application.
Those were a couple of examples of machine learning application, but this dynamic field stretches far. The field is evolving and in the process creating new career opportunities. However, to land a job in this field one needs to have a background in Machine Learning Using Python, to become an expert and land the right job.
In the digital era we live in, nearly every transaction we do take place online and we leave a trail behind in the process which is easy to track for anyone with considerable skill in hacking. If you take a look at the state of cybercrime you are bound to feel worried because the hackers are also utilizing the latest technology and their recklessness is resulting in incidents like identity thefts.
Identity theft is increasingly becoming a threat for individuals and organizations, resulting in a huge amount of financial loss. Identity theft could occur in different ways, such as via sending fake mails which if you open can be used to grab sensitive information from the device you are using, or, via dumpster-diving methods. The problem with identity theft is that you get to learn about it much later and after losing a significant amount of money. Most of the time the amount lost cannot be recovered.
However, using machine learning techniques it is possible to overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods employed for ID theft detection and stay one step ahead to outwit the perpetrators. Machine learning has the potential to devise a smarter strategy, but, there must be professionals who have done Machine Learning training gurgaon to be able to monitor the whole process. So, let’s take a look at how machine learning can better identity theft detection process.
Authentication tests could be conducted
Machine learning could scan and cross-verify the IDs with unknown database in real-time. Using techniques like facial recognition, biometrics could actually help offer some extra support to make the process absolutely perfect. The best part of implementing machine learning technology is that there would be constant monitoring of the data. By doing so, the detection could be almost instantaneous and people could be alerted before it has a chance to snowball into something big.
Patterns get identified
Machine learning wades through tons of data to identify patterns, which could come in real handy during the process of identity theft detection. When you use your phone or laptop every day for different tasks, you do that in a set manner, but, when that device gets compromised that pattern would certainly change. While scanning data the machine learning algorithms can detect a threat by spotting an oddity and could help in taking preventive action.
Decisions could be made in real-time
Machine learning can automate the whole process of data analytics and remove the chance of human error. Machine learning also allows us to make decisions in real-time to prevent fraud or, could also send alerts, the implementation of ML can speed up the whole process thereby making it more efficient. The organizations instead of running after false alerts could actually use a solution to address a real threat without wasting a single valuable moment.
Handling big datasets
Handling a huge amount of data every single day could be an impossible task for a team comprising humans. But, the machine learning system can not only handle giant data sets, but it also thrives on data. The more datasets get fed into the system the more refined and accurate results could be expected of it. It needs data to identify the differences between genuine transactions and fraud cases.
Keeping the devices secure
Cases like identity theft could take place when devices get stolen. Now machine learning is being integrated with mobile devices to keep the devices protected from malware threats, features like biometric facial recognition are also there to ensure that the device cannot be compromised.
Application of machine learning can not only detect identity thefts but, can also prevent such attacks from happening. However, just implementation is not going to be enough, constant monitoring by a person having Machine Learning Using Python training is necessary. For some reason, if some threat goes undetected without raising any alarm the system might repeat that pattern, so monitoring is important.
Every single day we get deluged by advertising messages in many formats. From your morning newspaper to Youtube to Facebook, there is hardly a platform left that is not getting utilized by smart marketers. After all, advertising is a powerful marketing tool with the power to sway opinions in favor or, against, and careful planning and placement play a crucial role in making an ad click with the target audience. The digital era has opened up multiple avenues for the advertisers but, it has also posed new challenges for them.
To stay ahead in the game advertisers have been quicker to recognize the potential of integrating advanced technology such as Machine Learning to optimize their ad campaigns. ML algorithms can process data and analyze patterns to offer predictions that in turn helps marketers fine-tune their marketing strategies.
Google AdWords is a case in point that has incorporated machine learning to leverage their ad game. Marketing professionals now should upskill themselves with Machine Learning course in Delhi, to ensure seamless integration of this technology into advertising.
How ML is benefiting the advertising industry?
ML can boost ad performance
Incorporating machine learning techniques can reduce the time, labor, and amount of error that go into processing data to identify factors that when tweaked could positively influence your ad performance. Machine learning not only automates the task but, also comes up with several solutions keeping your goal and budget in mind as well as other significant criteria. With time the more data get fed into the system the more accurate results could be expected.
Ad Creatives get better
Creative ads draw more attention, a catchy headline, slogan or, visual or, the combo of all these elements coupled with others contribute to making an ad a roaring success and in turn, boosting a product or brand image. Now, one might wonder what algorithms have to do with creative thinking which is completely a spontaneous affair, but, ML might be of help in here. Before investing money in designing creatives, use ML to assess past campaigns to measure all the elements and offer insight regarding imagery, color, font style, size, messages, and other factors. Furthermore, different personality types react differently to a given message, so gaining an insight into that behavior pattern is vital before delving into designing.
Be more relevant and relatable
Advertising is all about delivering the message to the targeted audience, but, instead of just sorting through random survey data to identify groups, using ML to go deeper into the process can create a big impact on the results. Using ML techniques social media interactions of people could be parsed to identify areas that interest them, people that influence them, and so on. Another factor that matters here is to identifying the right combination of time and platform to reach your target audience to make the maximum impact, ML algorithms enable you to do all of that.
Better segmentation
While designing any ad campaign, the marketer needs to identify the segment they are targeting. Instead of applying age-old methods that only scratch the surface, smart algorithms can dive in to help you be more specific about your segments and not just that but it could also identify that layer of audience hidden in the data who normally do not come under your segmentation, but has the potential to convert into paying customers if approached.
Predict campaign results
Implementation of ML can ensure that you get to test the success or, failure of your campaign even before it hits the viewers. Assessment of previous campaigns coupled with customer data using ML techniques can give you an idea regarding the performance of your campaign. It allows you to rectify or, revise any strategy that might sound or, look iffy. It can also help you make smart media buying decisions and point you towards platforms that you didn’t consider in the first place.
The field of advertising is deriving huge benefits from incorporating ML technology. However, choosing the right tool that works best for the specific needs of a campaign is essential. Another factor is having trained employees with a background in Machine Learning Using Python, is essential as they would be in charge of implementing and monitoring the technology.
Machine learning if explained in a very layman language is a program running behind an application which has an ability to learn from what is sees and the errors that it makes and then tries to improve itself through trial and error. A programming language like Python and a method of calculation (statistics) is what helps propel this application in the right direction.
